Caracterização do efluente e avaliação da eficiência do sistema de tratamento de uma indústria têxtil do Vale do Piancó - PB.

Abstract

The present study focuses on the physicochemical characterization and analysis of the efficient method of effluent treatment produced by a textile industry in the Piancó Valley region, seeking to collaborate with the reduction of the environmental impacts generated by this industrial sector, considering that in this segment, a high amount of effluents are generated due to the dyeing, bleaching and washing processes that use chemicals such as inorganic salts, strong oxidizers such as hydrogen peroxide, detergents, soaps and dyes. These components become an aggravating factor when the effluent is disposed of improperly and may cause contamination of the soil and groundwater throughout the region. Thus, this study is an exploratory and descriptive research with laboratory analysis, which was developed in two moments. In the first, a technical visit was carried out and a checklist applied to evaluate the conformity of the treatment system adopted by the industry. Then, the characterization and analysis of the treatment efficiency was performed, evaluating the physicochemical parameters. The results obtained were compared with the standards determined by CONAMA Resolution 430/2011 and with relevant works in the area. Given this, the heterogeneity of the effluent was evident, given that the diversity of products and chemicals used during the processing of textile fiber contributes to the diversity of industrial waste. It was also found that the system adopted for effluent treatment presents efficiency for few parameters, requiring improvements or replacement in the adopted methods.