BATISTA, Hugo Sucupira.
Resumo:
When analyzing the factors that determine anemia, all components that
comprise this iron deficiency, it is indeed a challenge to public health, since these
needs are the most common nutritional diseases in the world and several factors
(biological, socioeconomic, environmental, health, nutrition, etc..), alone or in
interaction, may contribute to its onset. Specifically, in Brazil, the nutritional analysis o f
view shows that the prevalence of anemia remains high in contrast to the decline of
malnutrition in children, making it undoubtedly the main problem of childhood
nutritional deficiency in the country. Objectives To review the literature with articles
published on anemia with concepts, diagnoses and representative population samples
for children under six years, which estimated the prevalence of anemia and / or iron
deficiency and associated factors, through laboratory analysis of hemoglobin or
ferritin. Methods The articles were systematically reviewed using the keywords:
anemia, anemia, epidemiology, anemia, etiology; child, preschool and risk factors in
the databases Pub Med, SciELO and LILACS. Results There are no complete studies on
the Brazilian reality in cross-sectional studies or not. What are the facts can be
analyzed from different states, cities and isolated specific places, and you can do
crossovers with the information. The factors most cited pre-determinant for the
identification of anemia in children were: child's age, maternal education, family
income, diarrhea, geographic area, the household wealth index, birth weight, weight /
height, weight / height, ethnicity, sex, density of iron and calories from cow's milk. The
child's age was common in national and international studies. The maternal education
and socioeconomic and environmental factors were associated with anemia in studies
conducted in developing regions. Malnutrition and excessive exposure to passive
smoking variables appear as little investigated. Conclusion Before this problem, it is
concluded that iron deficiency anemia in children has multiple causes, which requires a
joint action of several strategies for combat, in particular an integrated team to
conduct disciplinary actions in total aid to the patient.
