Prevalência e fatores associados à anemia ferropriva em crianças no Brasil.

Abstract

When analyzing the factors that determine anemia, all components that comprise this iron deficiency, it is indeed a challenge to public health, since these needs are the most common nutritional diseases in the world and several factors (biological, socioeconomic, environmental, health, nutrition, etc..), alone or in interaction, may contribute to its onset. Specifically, in Brazil, the nutritional analysis o f view shows that the prevalence of anemia remains high in contrast to the decline of malnutrition in children, making it undoubtedly the main problem of childhood nutritional deficiency in the country. Objectives To review the literature with articles published on anemia with concepts, diagnoses and representative population samples for children under six years, which estimated the prevalence of anemia and / or iron deficiency and associated factors, through laboratory analysis of hemoglobin or ferritin. Methods The articles were systematically reviewed using the keywords: anemia, anemia, epidemiology, anemia, etiology; child, preschool and risk factors in the databases Pub Med, SciELO and LILACS. Results There are no complete studies on the Brazilian reality in cross-sectional studies or not. What are the facts can be analyzed from different states, cities and isolated specific places, and you can do crossovers with the information. The factors most cited pre-determinant for the identification of anemia in children were: child's age, maternal education, family income, diarrhea, geographic area, the household wealth index, birth weight, weight / height, weight / height, ethnicity, sex, density of iron and calories from cow's milk. The child's age was common in national and international studies. The maternal education and socioeconomic and environmental factors were associated with anemia in studies conducted in developing regions. Malnutrition and excessive exposure to passive smoking variables appear as little investigated. Conclusion Before this problem, it is concluded that iron deficiency anemia in children has multiple causes, which requires a

joint action of several strategies for combat, in particular an integrated team to conduct disciplinary actions in total aid to the patient.