ALMEIDA, K. M.; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5657784413049821; ALMEIDA, Katcilânya Menezes de.
Resumo:
The objective of this work was to give information in regards to the possible changes in the
chemical and physical properties between the oil extracted from the modem genotypes of
castor bean, and comparing them with the wild ones and, as fundamental activities, the
extraction of the oil from three different genotypes of castor bean, two modified cultivars
(BRS Paraguaçu e BRS Energia) and produced by Cotton Research National Center
CNPA/EMBRAPA, in Campina Grande - PB, Brazil and other wild genotype caught in a
vacant land, just for a standard comparison. The seeds did not receive any pre-treatment
and the oil was extracted in a cold process using a mechanic press. The oil was
characterized through physico-chemical analysis (water content, acidity index,
saponification index, peroxide index and index of refraction) and thermo-physics (density,
point of minimum flow, viscosity, specific heat, freezing kinetics). The data were
statistically analyzed and compared by analysis of variance (ANOVA) for a randomized
design using ASSISTAT program 7.0 version. The physico-chemical variables were also
submitted of principal components using Unscrambler 9.7, Camo software. It was make
freezing kinetics using statistic program, a non linear regression using Quase Newton
model through an exponential equation, as well as the diffusivity. The BRS Paraguaçu
humidity content was 0,7%, BRS Energia 1,1% and the wild one was 0,9% considered to
be a high percentage for castor oil. Considering the index of acidity the results became
between 0,83 and 2,97 mg KOH/g, it means that they are according to the patterns
permitted by AOCS. To the saponifications index the values ranged from 130, 2489 to 178,
4153 mg KOH/g closed to the average established of 180 mg KOH/g. The value to the
maximum peroxide index among the oils was 0,78 meq/lOOg, lower than the maximum
permitted (10 meq/lOOOg). The index of refraction was between 1,4758 and 1,4771. The
specific heat found to each genotype was: 0,2742 cal/g°C to BRS Paraguaçu; 0,3653
cal/g°C to BRS Energia and 0,2792 cal/g°C to the wild one. The point of minimum flow
ranged from -18,17 to -18,47 °C. In relation to density variable there was no significam
interaction between the factors studied, in the contrary to what was observed in the
viscosity, and were submitted to regression analysis ANOVA using SAS software. The
freezing kinetics presented similar behavior to the three genotypes, with a defmition of
only one phase to the temperatures -29, -100 e -196 °C, and to the BRS Paraguaçu and
BRS Energia genotypes to the temperature of -196 °C was made a division of phases just to adjust the model to freezing speed. The diffusivities showed the expected behavior,
increasing with the decrease of the temperature gradient