Principais complicações no pós-operatório de cirurgia de catarata: uma revisão integrativa de literatura.

Abstract

Introduction: Cataract is characterized as a public health problem whose causal sources have not yet been fully elucidated. Conceptualized as the presence of opacity in the lens, considered a natural lens of the eye responsible for focusing the light on the retina. It is cured by surgical treatment, which consists of replacing the opaque lens with a prosthesis called intraocular lens (IOL), which can also correct refractive errors that may be identified preoperatively. In most cases, surgery provides improved vision, however, there are people who do not respond as desired. Thus, the discovery of the main complications and their nature can generate knowledge in the application of preventive practices, solving specific problems of this surgical procedure. Objective: To analyze, in national and international literature, the main postoperative complications related to cataract surgery. Methodology: This is an Integrative Review of the literature developed from July to September 2019, in the databases SCOPUS, PUBMED, CINAHL, Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO) and Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature ( Using the descriptor sequence “Cataract Extraction” AND “Postoperative Complications” AND “Cataract”. The final sample database search resulted in 16 articles. Results: the most common complications during the analysis of the selected articles were: Endophthalmitis; Macular edema; Corneal edema; Iris Prolapse; Loss of endothelial cells; Posterior capsule opacification and wound leakage. Conclusion: During the research, the most feared complication was Endophthalmitis, which may cause a partial or total loss of visual acuity. Despite advances in cataract extraction techniques, it was noted that there are still several complications in the postoperative period of these procedures, requiring a constant search for improvement and care during the performance of these techniques.