Extração de metais Ni2 Cr3 e Fe3 utilizados diferentes tensoativos comerciais.

Abstract

The surfactants are important in the extraction process, mainly due to the ability to modify some reactive properties with consequent improvement in sensitivity and selectivity, which are related with the formation of micellar environments. In turn the micelles are molecular aggregates, which have structural hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions, which associate spontaneously and dynamically in aqueous solution. The use of surfactants and micellar environments can be advantageous, to replace traditional methods (liquid-liquid extraction, ion exchange, etc.). In aqueous solutions, the surfactants can be employed as pullers, because under certain conditions two phases appear, one of which the aqueous phase containing a small amount of surfactant and the other in highly concentrated surfactant and containing components extracted from the solution. These determinations at very low concentrations of metals, requiring sensitive analytical. The technique used in this study was the Atomic Absorption. For this study, surfactants were used as extractants (saponified coconut soap - Urca, soap, soap and Omo Plus Clara), obtained commercially in order to extract metals such as chromium, iron and nickel, all in synthetic solution. For extraction, various concentrations of surfactants were used, ranging from 0.1 g / L to 0.5 g / L for all soaps. In this extract constituents were as follows: 01 System: Surfactant: OCS, FO: Hexane, FA: CrCl3 solution, FeCl3 and NiCl2, System 02: Surfactant: OMO, FO: Hexane, FA: CrCl3 solution, FeCl3 and NiCl2; System 03: Surfactant: CLARA PLUS FO: Hexane, FA: CrCl3 solution, FeCl3 and NiCl2, the systems were assembled with each metal concentration of surfactant and individually. The extraction results presented indicate that the system I had the best results, reaching percentages of extraction around 100% for chromium.