Estresse hídrico em diferentes fases fenológicas do cajueiro anão precoce no segundo ano de produção.

Abstract

Economy activity is of great importance for those who live in northeast region of Brazil, the cashew tree is pointed as the main source of employment and income for small scale producer. The study of nature and dimension of hydric regimes distinct plants are not quantified, the information of the research of irrigation is scarce, that gives room for the smallest recommendation for employment which makes unknown some of the characteristics of the productive plants The purpose of this work is to evaluate the behaviour of small premature cashew tree. {Anacardium occidentale L.) clone CCP-76 under the hydric shortage in various phases of phonological in the second year of production. For that a research was conducted in an environment protected in an experimental area of central national resource technology (CTRN) of federal university of Campina Grande (UFCG), at Campina Grande, PB district in February it 2007 to September 30th 2007 Irrigation blades were applicated reference to 40; 55; 70; 85 e 100% the replacement of real evapotranspiration (ETR), in stages: after repose A, growth B fructify stage C the shortage correspondent were calculated according to the medium consumption of the plants witnessed (L5 = 100% da ETR) at the end of each stages that was evaluated there was various growth (8 height of the plant, numbers of leaves, numbers of falling leaves, average stem diameter and dry fitomassa part of aerial) physicology variability (quantum efficacy of photosynthesis II and relative water contents of the leave) at the and of cycle, at production variability (number of fruits, length of peduncle, basalt diameter and peduncle of apical, fresh weight of peduncle and of chestnut fresh weight of cashew and dry peduncle). The stem diameter lineally increases with hydric shortage reduction at the beginning of the second stage (A and B) with increase of 18, 12 and 11, 02%, respectively, in relation to the smallest blade applicated (LI). All the falling leaves occupied significant area when there is shortage of water at fructify stage. Variable physiology studies did not affect hydric shortage in none of the stages all the production variability were affected when stress was applied at fructify stage, however, stage is a state where cashew premature dwarf develop more sensitively at hydric shortage of fortification.