Ideação suicida e suicídio entre adolescentes: revisão integrativa.

Abstract

Suicide configures itself as a complex phenomenon of various determinations and multifactive character, which may imply attempts and deaths in individuals of variable races and age groups. The increase of cases in the population aged 15 to 29 years, translates into 8.5% of the total deaths caused by this cause across the globe. In this context, young people are perceived as a risk population in the face of this problem. Objective: To analyze suicidal ideation and/or suicide attempts practiced by adolescents, identifying the factors associated with this phenomenon. Methodology: This is an integrative review study of an exploratory character. The first stage, started from interest in the theme, followed by the elaboration of the guiding question: what are the factors associated with the phenomenon of suicide among adolescents? Continuing, the site where the research was carried out took place through the databases VHL, LILCAS, MEDLINE and BDENF, with studies from 2013 to 2019. Final considerations: The analyzed data revealed the relationship between the suicide phenomenon in adolescents and predisposing factors such as: the deficit sleep pattern; Depression; Consumption of alcohol and drugs/illicit substances; The Internet, social networks and technology. Thus, it is suggested to broaden the discussion of the problem within the governmental agenda, as well as in the third sector. With regard to nursing as a science, it is up to the professionals in this area, the massive and homogeneous performance within the educational institutions, providing health education through active listening, light technologies, playful and attractive mechanisms According to the public, in order to inform, recognize early signs and symptoms predictors of the phenomenon of suicide, in order to intervene positively, preventing possible events, as well as, treating and referring to the nucleus of health support of Family (NASF) and Center for Child Psychosocial Care (CAPSI) adolescents with a history of suicidal behavior, attending them respecting the family and community context that they are inserted, valuing the presence of the family in Coping with this problem.