Qualidade da água das cisternas e o perfil parasitológico dos seus usuários no semiárido paraibano.

Abstract

The water crisis in the Brazilian Northeast is the result of several factors that provide extensive times of drought, leading to a deficiency in the accessibility of water of good quality, making difficult the survival of the population of these regions. In this sense, it becomes necessary the use of alternative methods for the survival of man in the semiarid, among the most periodically used include the water trucks and, lately, the use of tanks for water storage cards for consumption and survival of families. Nevertheless, to that storage, it becomes vital to determine the quality of this water transported and stored. The work aimed to analyze the water quality of tanks supplied by rain and water trucks and the parasitological profile of the users of the municipality of San Francisco – Paraiba. This is an epidemiological study of the descriptive type with cross section and a quantitative and qualitative data approach. It performed in the rural municipality of San Francisco – PB. There were used as inclusion criteria: characteristics of the tanks, these should be supplied exclusively with rain water and/or water transported by water trucks; concerning the residents users of the tank water, we included those who agreed to participate freely in the study, by signing the Informed Consent (TFCC). Data collection took place in the months of November, December 2017, and January of this year, by means of a semi-structured interview, of the collection of water from the cisterns and the fecal material of users. The analysis of the data made up using the following steps: determining that each of the questions corresponding to a variable, the variable coding, categorizing open replies, data codification, and database formation. The descriptive statistical analysis of each variable realized. It found that 100% of the tanks contaminated by total coliforms, 56% have shown positive results for the presence of Escherichia coli, proving how most tanks had improper water for human consumption, in accordance with the Ordinance 2,914/11 of the Ministry of Health. Among the parasites found in the study, firstly the Entamoeba histolytic (22.9%) followed by Giardia lamblia (17.6%); being important to emphasize that 55% of users were parasite by at least one parasite, showed in the examinations performed. It concluded that the tanks are of fundamental importance to water safety and permanence of people in the semi-arid during periods of drought. However, it becomes necessary the intensification of educational programs for users to capture water, properly preserving the hygiene and quality of the same. Moreover, to close, carry out the withdrawal to the consumption of properly to prevent contamination in its storage, making it very improper for human consumption. As for the parasites found in the study, it found, according to the literature, that most could spread by waterborne.