Estratégias para o estabelecimento do aleitamento materno em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal.

Abstract

Breastfeeding premature babies is undoubtedly a challenge. They present physiological and neurological immaturity, muscle hypotonia and hyperreactivity to environmental stimuli, remaining alert for very short periods. This paper aims to know strategies that help in the establishment of breastfeeding in preterm infants admitted to a neonatal ICU. For the production of this article, an integrative literature review of articles published between 2014 and 2019, in the MEDLINE, SCIELO, LILACS databases, using the descriptors: breastfeeding; suction; Neonatal Intensive Care Unit; premature. We selected ten articles that met the inclusion criteria. Their critical analysis showed that in order to successfully establish breastfeeding, we have to implement strategies not only with the newborn, but also with the mother, the professional and the structure. It can be concluded that practices such as breast milking, strengthening of the mother-baby bond, stimulation with different non-nutritive sucking techniques (pacifier use, finger-glove stimulation, etc.), appreciation of professionals working in the care of premature babies, Improvements in structure are strategies that have been shown to be beneficial for the establishment of breastfeeding. Thus, it is recommended to expand studies that focus on this theme, in order to contribute to the practice of breastfeeding.