Soroprevalência e fatores de risco para toxoplasmose congênita em gestantes atendidas em maternidade de Campina Grande - PB.

Abstract

Congenital toxoplasmosis is an infection caused by Toxoplasma gondii, which can result in miscarriage and fetal malformations. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis in pregnant women and identify associations between seropositivity and the risk factors involved in the infection. It conducted a cross-sectional study, 184 pregnant women who were performing prenatal care in Elpídeo Health Institute de Almeida (ISEA) of Campina Grande – PB, which analyzed the serological results for IgM and IgG anti-Toxoplasma and other variables. The frequency was calculated and the variables was performed chi-square test (χ2) to assess the association between variables and used the odds ratio (OR) and the prevalence ratio (PR) and their respective confidence intervals (CI) as measures of association through SPSS. It was considered p <0.05, statistically significant. The seroprevalence (anti-Toxoplasma IgG) among pregnant women studied was 20.9% and IgM antibodies were not detected for T. gondii. High susceptibility was found (79.1%) for T. gondii infection among pregnant women. In the analysis of risk factors, there was statistical significance for the association between age (p = 0.004) and seropositivity, there was less risk to younger age group (OR = 0.2), was also found statistical association between seropositivity and pregnant women living with cat (p = 0.0001; OR = 4.6) pregnant women who handle land (0.0001; OR = 8.4). The high proportion of women susceptible to infection with T. gondii and the high prevalence of susceptible pregnant women who did not receive orientation of prophylactic measures, emphasizes the importance of serological monitoring of these pregnant women every three months during the prenatal and the importance of preparing professionals to offer hygienic-dietary guidelines.