Avaliação multiobjetiva de cenários para usos múltiplos nos pequenos açudes da bacia hidrográfica do açude de Sumé-PB.

Abstract

Although one of the regions with the highest concentration of reservoirs in the world, historically the Brazilian Northeast serniarid is suffering a shortage of water, which limits the development of their socioeconomic vocations. On the other hand, the growing demands for industry, irrigation, fisheries and urban water supply, for example, lead to a series of conflicts between users, the government and the society. In the Paraiba serniarid region, the shortage is evidenced by climatic characteristics, whose rainfall is concentrated in one season and with little rainfall, coupled with high rates of evaporation from reservoirs, and geological features that do not favor water storage and difficult to keep its quality. To eliminate these problems, one must make use of technologies appropriate to the climate of the region to promote the rational use of water resources planning and performing actions to meet the demands, by the integrating and optimizing the system. In this context, the present study conducted an multiobjective analysis of 20 small reservoirs members of the Sume/PB basin in order to maximize the socio-economic improvement in the region. The methodology was based on the definition of five scenarios with different uses and priorities of care. The data of the scenarios were processed in the optimization model ORNAP (Optimal Reservoir Network Analysis Program), based on linear programming, for a time frame of nine years. This model optimizes the multiple uses of the reservoir system by maximizing the net income received and manpower and minimizing losses. The results showed that the water system formed by small reservoirs in the Sume basin are not being used properly, observing excess of loss and a low utilization of water potential to generate wealth and development for the region. It is concluded that managers and system users have more efficient alternative to the use of water as proposed in Scenarios 3 and 45 whose benefits in the medium and long term outweigh undoubtedly the change of paradigms and investment in the planning and operation of the reservoirs.