Entre a cruz e a espada: relações discursivas paradoxais entre o papa Francisco e o movimento feminista.

Abstract

Based on the analysis of pecheutian discourse, this research seeks to understand the discursive relations constituted from discourses produced by Pope Francisco and the Feminist Movement in dealing with common themes. We take as a corpus the speeches of Pope Francisco and feminist groups when they speak about patterns of common interest, such as abortion and reproductive rights, prostitution and general relations about violence and women's submission. In order to fulfill the objective through this corpus, we first developed a theoretical course based on the historical relationship between the Catholic Church and the female subject, discussing the constitution of the feminine from the influences of the Jewish tradition, to the construction of women in primitive Christianity , by the period of the Catholic Inquisition, by the first manifestations of women in the French revolutionary discourse and by the waves of the Feminist Movement in relation to the contemporary Church, from the councils. Here, we still bring up a discussion of the relationship between Pope Francis and the Feminist Movement, taking as a background the heterogeneous panorama of the decade of 2010. Soon after, we construct a revision of the theoretical presuppositions of Discourse Analysis that are relevant to the understanding of our object of study, especially in relation to the possibilities of conflict from the subject-position statements formulated by Pêcheux (1982 [2014], 2014), identification, counteridentification and disidentification, and by the effects of meaning developed by Cazarin (2004) from the positions taken: alliance, difference, divergence and antagonism. Here, we also consider Pêcheux's (1991 [2015]) discussion of ideological struggles of movement and the objects of logical paradox, especially when discussing the themes in common between Pope and the Feminist Movement. In our methodology, we draw a discursive space from Maingueneau (1997) formed by the discursive formations that are occupied by the subjects in evidence, being they the Discursive Catholic Formation, in which the subject Pope Francisco inscribes under the position-subject pope, and the Discursive Formation of the Feminist Movement, in which liberal, radical, Marxist and Catholic feminisms occupy positions. Finally, our analysis is presented from three analytical movements. The first concerns the internal relationship between the subject Pope Francis and his position-subject and discursive formation. In this movement, we have identified tensions, especially in relation to the feminization of feminist knowledge by the pope, especially with regard to the ordination of women in the Church and the mention of already-feminist women. In turn, the second movement focused on the relationship between the subject of the Pope and his externality, that is, his relationship with the Feminist Movement. Here we identify a paradoxical relationship present in the pope's discourse; now the discourse of this subject presents meanings and gestures of alliance, now of divergence, now of antagonism. It was also possible to verify the presence of a regularity in the discursive functioning of Francisco, which we call counter-resistance. Finally, we analyze the discourse of feminisms in relation to what is said by Francis in response. In this movement, we also observed a presence of a paradoxical relationship, marked by multiple gestures, but mainly focused on the effects of divergence and antagonism. In short, the paradox of this relationship stems from the multiple and non-coincident modes of meaning production in the discourses of both the Catholic and the feminist religious: in the processes of signification in which they relate, there are identifications, counteridentifications, and non-identifications.