Crescimento e respostas fisiológicas de espécies arbóreas cultivadas em solo salino-sódico tratado com corretivos.

Abstract

The excess of salts and sodium in the soil occurs mainly in arid and semi-arid regions, more specifically in irrigated perimeters. In these areas, adverse soil conditions cause limitations on agricultural production, causing economic, social and environmental impacts. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of remedies on the recovery of a saline-sodium soil and its effect on the growth and physiology of native tree species in the Caatinga. The experiment was conducted in the greenhouse of the CCTA / UFCG, Campus de Pombal-PB, from 10/23/09 to 10/03/10. In the first experiment, the treatments consisted of the application of five soil amendments (saline soil without correction, saline soil + calcium sulfate, saline soil + sulfuric acid and saline soil + elemental sulfur and a non-saline soil). The experimental design used was completely randomized (DIC), with four replications. In the second experiment the treatments consisted of four tree species native to the caatinga ([Anadenanthera macrocarpa (Vell) Brenan (angico), (Myracrodruon urundeuva) (aroeira), Caesalpinia pyramidalis Tul. (Catingueira)], Caesalpinia férrea (pau-ferro) and five treatments referring to the use of correctives obtained in the previous experiment. The experimental design used was completely randomized, in a 4 x 5 factorial scheme, with three repetitions. soil favoring the growth and the production of dry matter of the plants. Ironwood was the one that showed more tolerance to the excess of salts and sodium. The excess of salts and sodium in the soil increased the levels of sodium and the sodium / potassium ratio in the aerial part of plants and decreased stomatal conductivity and intercellular CO2 concentration in leaf tissues.