Extratos vegetais no controle ao Callosobruchus maculatus (Fabr., 1775) e seus efeitos na conservação do feijão Vigna unguiculata (l. Walp.).

Abstract

The Callosobruchus maculatus, due to its great scornful potential the main insect pest of the bean Vigna unguiculata is considered. Usually, chemical products are used for the control of this pest. However, the indiscriminate use of those products provided serious problems, as the resistance of the pest to the insecticides and the presence of toxicant residues in the victuals. With base in these considerations, the present work studied the effectiveness of vegetable extracts in the control of the adult and immature phase (egg) of C. maculatus and its effects in the quality of bean V. unguiculata seeds stored in two types of packings for 90 days. The work was produced in the period from janeiro/2002 to maio/2003, in the Laboratory of Storage and Pre-processing of Agricultural Products (LAPPA) of the Federal University of Campina Grande (UFCG). Flowers, leaves, fruits and stem of eight vegetable species were used, with insecticide, dry properties and triturated for extraction in percolador with ethyl alcohol (70%) solvent. It was made use of the statistical lineation entirely casualty with factorial arrangement, being the quantitative factors revealed by the regression in the variance analysis. In agreement with the results obtained in each experiment, it is had that the application of the extracts for the method of the " vapor " was efficient in killing the adult insects isolated in whole the used doses, and that in the mass of seeds them C. maculatus was controlled, with larger efficiency, for the form of direct application of the extracts on the mass of seeds that later on were homogenized and stored, being the extract of Piper nigrum and Calopogonium caeruleum, with presence of the group alkaloid chemical, the most effective in the control of that pest, so much in the adult phase and of egg, as in the conservation of the physiologic quality of the seeds stored at metallic bin for 90 days of storage.