Consequências da polifarmácia em pacientes idosos hipertensos: uma revisão .

Abstract

The elderly population has been growing worldwide as a result of the reduction in birth and mortality rates, associated with the increase of life expectancy, characterizing the aging of the population. Along with this aging, chronic noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) also emerge, especially Systemic Arterial Hypertension (SAH). SAH is a clinical condition with multiple causes and is defined by persistent high blood pressure (BP) ≥140x90mmhg. Due to the many prevalent NCDs in the elderly population and the combined therapy of antihypertensive drugs, this problem is widely used by this population, which is polypharmacy (FP), ie the simultaneous use of several drugs. This practice is associated with an increased risk of loss of quality of life and negative health outcomes. This study aimed to investigate, through a literature review, the relationship between hypertension and the consequences of FP in elderly patients. This is a systematic bibliographic search, in which the search of the material was performed in the databases Medline, Pubmed, Lilacs, Scielo, Google Scholar and national and international health committees, which included bibliographic references between 2010. a 2019. terms have been used in various combinations: 1) aging; 2) hypertension; 3) elderly; 4) polypharmacy. Through the review, it was observed that hypertension is characterized when there is increased resistance of the arterial wall, related to cardiac output and peripheral vascular resistance, leading to increased blood pressure. Drug treatment of hypertension is based on evidence of reduced cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. All classes of antihypertensive medications have overlapping efficacy in treating hypertension. PF has been associated with hypertension due to the need for combined therapies, increasing the amount of drugs to treat elderly hypertensive patients. This age group is associated with an increased risk of negative health outcomes, such as higher health costs, adverse drug reactions (ADRs), drug interactions (IMs), poorer treatment adherence, lower functional status, and geriatric syndromes. It also demonstrated the importance of the pharmacist in the pharmaceutical care of elderly patients and can contribute to other health professionals and the patient in the planning, guidance and monitoring of pharmacotherapy, and can produce specific satisfactory results.