Identidades e polinômios centrais para álgebras de matrizes.

Abstract

In this work we study polynomial identities and central polynomials for matrix algebras. More precisely, we present the description of the identities and Zn-graded and Z-graded central polynomials for the algebra Mn(K) (the n x n matrices over the field K) when the characteristic of K is zero. Afterwards we give the description or the ordinary (nongraded) central polynomials for the algebra m2(K), the 2 x 2 matrices over K, assuming the field of characteristic zero. Finally, we present two classical constructions of central polynomials for Mn(K). These appeared as an answer to a problem posed by Kaplansky in 1956 about the existence of nontrivial central polynomials for that algebra.