Revisão bibliográfica sobre o diagnóstico e o tratamento do diabetes mellitus.

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease caused by increased blood glucose, which results from decreased or absent insulin produced by the pancreas and may also be developed due to peripheral insulin resistance. When pancreatic beta cells are destroyed and insulin is not produced the individual has type 1 diabetes mellitus. The moment the pancreas does not produce enough insulin to remove glucose from the bloodstream, or it produces insulin that does not play its role properly, the individual has type 2 diabetes. And, in cases where during pregnancy the woman has a hyperglycemia without evidence of previous diabetes, it is classified as gestational diabetes. The aim of the study was to review and describe the main treatments and laboratory methodologies for the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus. It is an integrative literature review, the survey was conducted on electronic databases, including scientific articles and national and international health committees. Using as inclusion criteria articles published in the last 5 years with current and specific data. The main laboratory dosages used for diagnosis were fasting glucose, random glucose, oral glucose tolerance test and glycated hemoglobin. The main treatments were the biguanin class as the drug of choice for type 2 diabetes, thiazolidinediones, insulin secretagogues, alpha-glucosidase inhibitors, incretin-based therapies and sodium-glucose-2 co-transporter. Single or combined insulin therapy with other hypoglycemic agents for type 1 diabetes and gestational diabetes. It can be concluded that the treatments for diabetes have been improved over the years and the laboratory methodologies for its diagnosis are gradually more reliable.