Análise físico-química, atividade antioxidante e determinação de compostos fenólicos do mel e do pólen apícola da abelha Apís Mellifera comercializados no sertão paraibano.

Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate the physico-chemical quality, antioxidant activity and determination of phenolic compounds of honey and pollen of the Apis mellifera bee marketed in a store specialized in the sale of bee products in Sertão da Paraíba. The research was developed from samples acquired in the city of São João do Rio do Peixe, Paraíba, Brazil, and sent to Laboratório de Físico-química dos Alimentos (Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Food) of Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciências e Tecnologia da Paraíba (IFPB) - Campus Sousa. In the laboratory, one performed the physicochemical analyzes, such as water activity (aw), moisture, total solids, ashes, proteins, lipids, reducing sugars, non-reducing sugars, total sugars, pH, free acidity, total soluble solids (TSS), carbohydrates by difference and caloric value, as well as the content of total phenolic compounds, determined by the Folin-Ciocalteau spectrophotometric method, using gallic acid as reference, according to the methodology described by Singleton and Rossi (1965) and Nóbrega et al. (2014); and antioxidant activity of aqueous extracts of honey and the ethanolic extract of pollen determined by the free radical DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), according to the methodology adapted from Brand-Williams; Cuvelier and Berset (1995) and Duarte-Almeida et al. (2006).The analyzed samples are in compliance with the legislation, except for two characteristics: reducing sugars for honey with an average of 44.34% (65%), and the free acidity for the pollen with an average of 352.84 mEq / Kg (300 mEq / kg). Both the antioxidant activity capacity and the amount of total phenolic compounds observed for the pollen samples were higher than those highlighted in the honey samples.