SILVA, Elisangela Batista da.
Résumé:
Enzymes are proteins biocatalisadoras, increase reaction speed without changing the balance. They feature high efficiency during the biochemical reactions in the metabolism of living beings. The cheese whey may be present in the applied diet some animals; but also be disposed in the effluent. The dry extract of whey corresponds lactose, proteins, minerals and fat, of which lactose is the energetic material used in biotechnological processes (pharmaceutical and food industry) and proteins stand out due to their nutritional value. Hydrolysis is a promising method for the food industry, it allows the development of new hydrolysed products, thereby increasing the availability of nutrients for milk products and worldwide and mitigation for the lactose intolerant. The immobilizing enzymes is an increasingly used technique to improve the industrial application of enzymes allowing better control of production and cost reduction. The objective was to study coimobilização lactase and neutrase in chitosan support methodologies aimed at comparing hydrolysis of lactose and whey proteins, and promote the reuse of cheaper local products as supports the basis of chitosan and sodium alginate. Initially prepared brackets to be applied to the study of 4% chitosan (w/v) and sodium alginate (2.5% w/v) activated with glutaraldehyde (5% v/v). In the first stage, they were determined income and immobilization activity and coimobilizada, recovered activity and apparent activity of the best obtained derivatives. For the second phase, the immobilized catalysts and coimobilizada were studied for thermal and operational stability, half-life, degree of hydrolysis and the glucose concentration. The results for the derivatives formed from chitosan were obtained satisfactory yield coimobilizada for neutrase (76.53%) and lactase (91.30%). Sodium alginate holders did not show good fit for immobilization and coimobilizada obtaining zero income. There was an increase in the thermal stability and half-life in the chitosan derivatives. Comparing the degree of hydrolysis between free Neutrase, and immobilized coimobilizada obtained a better performance of the immobilized enzyme (20%) at 80 minutes of reaction. When comparing the conversion of glucose to free lactase, immobilized and coimobilizada the best result was the free lactase (15g/L) in 30 minutes of reaction. The operational stability of Neutrase in five consecutive cycles there was a fall (46%) maximum degree of hydrolysis, longer lactase in its fifth reuse cycle in batches loss was obtained (16.4%) in glucose concentration. Thus, there were obtained good derivatives lactase and coimobilizada neutrase enabling reuse of the enzyme, reducing processing costs.
