Enriquecimento proteico de cactáceas por fermentação semissólida.

Abstract

The cacti are commonly used as food, for humans and animals, mainly in prolonged dry seasons. However, if used as the sole power source may cause adverse effects because of the low protein content. The objective of this research was to study the protein enrichment of cactus, xiquexique (Pilosocereus gounellei (FAC Weber) Byles & G. D. Rowley) and facheiro (Pilosocereus pachycladus F. Ritter), through the semisolid fermentation. The microorganism used was Saccharomyces cerevisiae, pressed, fresh yeast, being carried out a full factorial design in three levels (32), with repetition for each cactacea, totaling 36 experiments. The input variables are yeast concentration (1, 3 and 5%) and the fermentation temperature (30, 35 and 40 ° C) and the response was increased protein. Prior to the enrichment of cactus evaluated the water content, pH, titratable acidity, crude protein and mineral waste. After inoculation, the samples were subjected to the fermentation process and during the periods 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours, samples were removed for conducting chemical analyzes. The statistical analyzes were made in the Statistica 8.0. Yeast averaged 71.89 ± 1.97% of water content; 28.11 ± 1.97% of dry matter; pH 4.57 ± 0.38; titratable acidity of 4.9 ± 0.57%; mineral residue of 1.93 ± 0.04% and 48.02 ± 0.46% of crude protein. Before the addition of the yeast, samples showed the following results: facheiro in natura (pH 4.56 ± 0.26; titratable acidity, 6.1 ± 1.13%; water content, 91.66 ± 1.10 %; dry matter, 8.34 ± 1.10%; mineral residue, 1.21 ± 0.06%, crude protein content of 8.32 ± 0.82 and 3% Brix). The samples burnt facheiro had pH 4.58 ± 0.10; titratable acidity of 7.4 ± 0.42%; water content, 89.81 ± 2.52%; dry matter, 10,19 ± 2 , 52%; mineral residue, 1.59 ± 0.76%; crude protein content of 8.98 ± 0.31% and 1 ° Brix. The results of Xiquexique samples were in natura (pH 4.39 ± 0.03, titratable acidity, 6.2 ± 0.07%; water content, 92.22 ± 2.23%; dry matter 7 , 78 ± 2.23%; mineral residue, 1.40 ± 0.31%, crude protein 5.86 ± 0.75% and 3 ° Brix). Burned xiquexique had: pH 4.57 ± 0.08; titratable acidity, 6.4 ± 0.56%; water content, 89.29% ± 1.29; dry matter,% 10.41 ± 1.29; mineral residue, 1.65 ± 0.20%, crude protein content of 6.94 ± 0.15% and 0.5 ° Brix. The facheiro protein showed the greatest increase (129.05%) with the highest yeast concentration (5%) at a temperature of 30°C with 72 hours of fermentation and to xiquexique maximum percentages were observed at 195.05% and temperature of 40°C with concentrations of 5% inoculum in 24 hours. Analysis of variance for the two arrays of experimental design facheiro presented R2 of 0.87 and the headquarters of xiquexique samples showed R2 of 0.96. With the protein enrichment of cacti by semisolid fermentation process the producer can enriched with proteins the fodder that has on his property, reducing the cost of protein supplementation of animal feed.