Estudo sobre impactos ambientais resultantes da integração de bacias hidrográficas: uma abordagem teórica.

Abstract

In this work aimed to develop a theoretical study about environmental impacts resulting from the integration of watershed, with emphasis in the cases of transposition of the waters from the Watershed of the São Francisco River to Watersheds of the Semiarid of Septentrional Northeast and still of the Cantareira System. The methodology was based on the bibliographic research in scientific and technical literature, with reference to the enterprises projects of the Ministry of National Integration, Brazil, and the Basic Sanitation Company of the State of São Paulo - SP. For the identification and analysis of environmental impacts, have been used the environmental impact assessment methods Ad Hoc, Check List and Matrix of Interaction. According to the results, 47 project actions and/or activities have been cataloged and distributed in the phases of planning, implementation and operation of the enterprise. A number of 77 potential environmental impacts has been listed, and as some of them occurred in more than one implementation phase, this total increased to 96 impacts: 49 in the implementation phase; 40 in operational stage; and 07 in the planning phase, respectively. Among 77 impacts, 41 were of “high significance”, 34 “medium significance” and 02 of “less significance”. Most of the environmental control measures was for prevention, and the others were of mitigation, maximization and compensation, respectively. A total of 36 environmental programs have been indicated to be adopted in the environmental management of watersheds integration projects. The environmental analysis has shown that such enterprises have a high potential impactful, which can be reduced to an acceptable condition of environmental viability if environmental control measures and related environmental plans and programs are implemented properly.