O poder do latifúndio no município de Sumé-PB: a cantoria de viola (repente) com forma de resistência camponesa.

Abstract

This work tried to understand how the class struggles between the landowners and the peasants of Cariri in Paraíba took place. Specifically, this research sought to: first, observe how the process of territorial formation of Cariri in Paraíba took place and, in particular, of the municipality of Sumé-PB in its forms of human occupation, analyzing the class struggles that occurred in this territory among the Portuguese colonizers and native peoples; second, to deal with the formation of the peasantry in Cariri Paraibano, bringing observations on how the original and African peoples contributed to this composition, while forging their forms of resistance. We also drew reflections on how class struggles took place between landowners and peasants within the large farms in the municipality of Sumé-PB; and, finally, to analyze how the peasant resistance to the power of the latifundium took place through the use of musical orality (singing of viola - suddenly) in rural areas, a form of resistance in the symbolic field that was added to the field of physical violence. The information found was analyzed from the theoretical-methodological lessons of historical-dialectical materialism, elaborated by Karl Marx, for whom “the economic structure of society is the concrete basis on which a legal and political superstructure rises and which correspond to certain forms of social consciousness ”(MARX, 1983, p. 24). In order to launch ourselves into the investigative field on the topic addressed, a bibliographic research (theses and dissertations) was carried out, as well as on two universes of sources: the notary records (sesmarias, baptism seats, among others) and the regional literature (memoirs and books of poetry) to try to understand the singing of viola (suddenly) as a form of peasant resistance. The studies carried out made it possible to understand the various tensions and conflicts that occurred between landowners and peasants in Cariri in Paraíba, revealing that they used an exceptional force to combat the injustices of their daily lives, both in the field of physical violence and in symbolic field and, in the latter case, through the use of musical orality (viola singing - suddenly).