Comportamento biodegradativo do aterro sanitário em Campina Grande-PB em função dos subprodutos gerados.

Abstract

The formation of byproducts is an inherent phase in the biodegradation process of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW), as a result of the action of several groups of microorganisms on the biodegradability of the waste mass. Analyzing the characteristics of the byproducts, leachate and gases, is a way to evaluate the behavior of the landfill as a whole, as well as, to point out possible treatment techniques for byproducts. Thus, the objective of this research was to analyze the behavior of a sanitary landfill by means of byproducts generated in the biodegradation process of municipal solid waste. Although the ASCG presented at the time of the research three leachate treatment lagoons, these lagoons serve only for accumulation, receiving leachate from LTL1, thus justifying the choice to characterize leachate from the first lagoon. For this, were performed leachate analyzes through following physicochemical parameters: pH, Total Alkalinity (AT), Total Ammoniacal Nitrogen (NAT), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), metals and phytotoxicity tests. The parameters were obtained for the analysis of the leachate generated in Cells 2, 3 and 4, in the Leachate Treatment Lagoon 1 (LTL1 Tub), so that it is possible to analyze the gross effluent and in Lagoa 1 of Treatment of leachate (LTL1) at Sanitary Landfill in Campina Grande (ASCG), to analyze the leachate during the treatment process. In what it refers to the biogas part, were realized a qualitative study in a waste cell in the Campina Grande-PB landfill, called Cell 2. Through the leachate results obtained in this research, it can be verified that the Cell 2,3 and 4 are in the methanogenic phase of degradation, since, were found pH values close to basicity. Were also observed high concentrations of AT, NAT, BOD, COD and metals were also observed for the same points, although, the concentrations of metals in Cell 3 declined over time. For technical and operational reasons, it was not possible to perform the BOD essay and phytotoxicity tests for Cell 2. The Cell 3 obtained good germination index (65-257%) and relative seed root growth (18-70%). Among the cells analyzed, the Cell 4 was that presented the greatest oscillations in relation to the parameters analyzed during the entire monitoring period, and this happened virtue to the mode of operation adopted for the disposal of residues in this Cell, which had its waste disposal interrupted by innumerable times during the monitoring period as a result of the rains. The inlet Pipe of Lagoon 1, presented a pH with characteristics of basicity, high concentrations of AT, NAT, BOD, COD and metals, where such behavior was already expected, since, the lagoon tubing receives the leachate from all the cells. Concerning leachate treatment lagoon, the pH remained practically constant. On the other hand, the parameters AT, NAT, BOD, COD and metals showed oscillations during the entire monitoring period. This indefinite behavior of the parameters, presenting oscillations at all times, was already expected, since, the LTL1 receives leachate from all ASCG residue cells, with compositions and ages distinct. In relation to biogas, it was found that methane (CH4) concentrations varied between 52.2 and 63.9%, which are concentrations typical of the methanogenic phase.