Análise da salinidade do solo do Sítio Lagoa de Fora, Distrito de Várzea da Ema, Santa Helena-PB.

Abstract

For a better agricultural use, producers use the various techniques in the soil management, which in most cases are not adequate, thus allowing the installation of degradative processes. Through incorrect cultivation practices, the soil of a given area intensely cultivated can be destroyed in a few years. The lack of information on the consequences the misuse of the soil has contributed to its degradation. This research addresses the problem of soil salinization resulting from inadequate irrigation practices and objective to understand the current situation of soil salinity in Lagoa de Fora, Distrito de Varzea da Ema in the municipality of Santa Helena - PB. To achieve this goal it was necessary to characterize the physical-biological environment, identify the types of cultures explored, crops used, the irrigation methods implemented and, lastly, main environmental problems arising from salinization in the research area. In this perspective, the quantitative and qualitative method was used, which involved bibliographic and documentary, cartographic, field research (data collection), laboratory research, analysis and interpretation of data. The results obtained allowed us to present the current picture of salinity of the soil, identifying several problems resulting from this salinization in the researched area. Against of the results presented in the survey the area has three sectors of degraded soils, two semidegraded and twenty specific sectors of saline spots resulting from salinization. According to results obtained in the chemical analyzes of the soil of these sectors, their soils are with high levels of salts in degraded sites presenting soils of saline-alkaline types. Fence 9.45% of the soils in the surveyed area are degraded and semi-degraded.