Ações desenvolvidas por enfermeiros para prevenção de úlceras por pressão em acamados domiciliares.

Abstract

Pressure ulcer and an area of ​​tissue trauma caused by continuous and prolonged pressure, which exceeds normal capillary pressure and causes ischemia, causing cell death. Prevention is undoubtedly the most efficient method of action available to minimize a problem as frequent as this one. The study aims to verify the actions developed by nurses from Family Health Units and their main difficulties in preventing pressure ulcers in bedridden patients at home. This is an exploratory, descriptive research with a quantitative approach developed with the fifteen nurses who are part of the Family Health Teams in the municipality of Cajazeiras-PB and the sample was composed of all nurses who agreed to participate in the research. For data collection, a semi-structured questionnaire with open questions was used. Data were collected at Family Health Units in the city, worked in a descriptive manner, analyzed by the frequency of responses and quantified in tables. The results revealed that 93% of nurses are female, aged between 20 and 29 years old (53%), single (60%). Most of them have an effective link (67%), with professional experience between 1 and 10 years (60%) and are at the institution in the same period (54%), have graduate degrees in the area of ​​Family Health (66%), however, they do not have training in wounds (73%). The study reveals that part of the nurses attributed the appearance of pressure ulcers to the lack of family care (48%); home visits are carried out weekly and monthly (66%); the main action developed by these professionals is related to the guidelines on care for the prevention of PU (48%); the majority believes that the implementation of preventive measures is necessary (46%) and that the main difficulty in implementing a measure of measures is the lack of material resources (23%). In this study, nurses showed that they know how to identify the problems of the bedridden population in their area of ​​coverage, but through their statements they revealed that there was no concrete involvement, nor an action plan to work with the bedridden ones under their responsibility. According to the results, it can be seen that the actions developed by nurses to prevent PU are insufficient, as they are not developed in a systematic and comprehensive manner. Nurses attribute all responsibility for care to family members and affirm that managers invest little in professional training and in the resources necessary to ensure better care. It is hoped that the study will serve to raise reflections on the needs of the bedridden and to create preventive measures for PU in a systematic way, developing quality and ensuring effectiveness in humanized care.