Mecanismos poupadores como ferramentas de resiliência urbana e de apoio à gestão sustentável do abastecimento de água.

Abstract

The efficient management of urban water is an immediate necessity in cities of different regions of the world, taking into account the serious impacts related to the growth of water demand in the most diverse sectors, and the dependence of cities on a single water source. These impacts reinforce the urgency of articulations for integration between urban planning and water resources systems, so that they are able to develop with greater resilience. Campina Grande, a medium-sized city in the Brazilian semiarid region, the object of this study, is an expression of this disarticulation, having historically experienced crises related to the availability of water for various urban uses. The objective of this work is to quantify the impact in terms of water consumption caused by the implementation of a multimodal complex in the peri-urban area of Campina Grande, specifically the residential and industrial construction typologies of the complex, and present a possibility to promote systems more adaptable to disturbances from the use of water demand management tools, such as consumption saving mechanisms. For this purpose, six types of sparing mechanisms were selected, and the estimation of the water demand for the different typologies of the complex was performed, being simulated for a conventional scenario and other resilient scenarios, the latter provided with the chosen sparing mechanisms. From the analysis of the management scenarios, the results indicate that the use of these mechanisms reduces the final water consumption in the housing complex by up to 48% and the industrial complex by up to 52%. It was verified that the industrial component of the complex presents a consumption expressively superior to the other typologies and that, as there is a forecast of gradual implementation of other industrial activities, this consumption presents the possibility of great growth. For the case of the Aluízio Campos Complex, there was no concern to provide its self-sustainability in relation to water, given the context of water vulnerability that the city of Campina Grande has. Based on this, it is suggested that the urban legislation of the municipality provide for instruments that can consolidate the mandatory changes in the constructive standards and behavior of the population, in the sense of the conscious and sustainable use of water.