Nefropatia diabética: qualidade de vida do portador em uso de hemodiálise.

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Diabetic Nephropathy (DN) is characterized as the main cause of Chronic Kidney Diseases (CKD), that is, Diabetes Mellitus (DM) and the main underlying diseases of patients using Hemodialysis (HD). In view of the syndrome involving the patient using HD, as well as his perception of the disease, CKD causes a considerable loss of quality of life (QOL) for dialysis patients. OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this research are to analyze the quality of patients with Diabetic Nephropathy using Hemodialysis; to investigate the repercussions of the pathology and its treatment on the patients 'lives and to identify the patients' perception about hemodialysis and its representativeness in the family context. METHODOLOGY: The type of research used was exploratory, descriptive with a qualitative approach. It was developed at the Renal Therapy Unit (RTU), a health service attached to the Cajazeiras Regional Hospital (HRC) in the City of Cajazeiras, Alto Sertão Paraibano. The research sample had a total of 9 patients, out of a total of 40 being treated, which met the adopted criteria. The research instrument used was the SF-36 Item Short and the data were analyzed according to the method proposed by Laurence Bardin. The project was sent to the Ethics and Research Committee of the State University of Paraíba, with a favorable opinion. RESULTS: A predominant age group was observed that 50 to 57 years old (33.3%), with an average of 52.1, ranging from 20 to 67. Regarding gender, a majority of males (56%) were found and prevalence of DN was 22.5%. Of this total, 66.6% said they currently enjoy good health; 67% said that their health is much better than a year ago and 100% reported not being able to perform vigorous activities. In view of the results, it can be seen that the improvement in QOL happens mainly in the physical sphere, but when analyzing the speech and expressions of the interviewees, it is seen that there is a significant drop in QOL in relation to psychological and mental issues, mainly due to the social restriction that the treatment causes. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: The final result of the research was satisfactory and extremely relevant, since it corroborated with similar research results and promptly answered the researchers' concerns. What was really clear was a variation of results in different aspects, such as the physical and social aspects, which showed positive and negative results respectively in their variants.