Caracterização química de óleos essenciais de Spondias mombin L., Spondias purpurea L. e Spondias sp (cajarana do sertão)

Abstract

The genus Spondias, with a varied number of species (18) and exotic taste fruits, is present in sertão (semiarid) with some examples of the species: Spondias mombin L. (yellow mombin); Spondias purpurea L. (purple monbin); Spondias tuberosa Arr.Câm. (Brazil Plum); Spondias sp (cajarana do sertão) and Spondias spp (umbu-cajazeira). The aim of this study is to make a chemical characterization of essential oils of the species: Spondias morbin L., Spondias purpurea L. and Spondias sp (cajarana do sertão). The present study was accomplished in UFCG - Federal University of Campina Grande - Patos Campus PB. The leaves were collected from trees located in Patos - PB, with the following coordinates: yellow mombin: 07º03'593''S and 37º16'998'' W andaltitude of 253 meters; purple monbin: 07º03'550''S and 37º16'539 W and altitude of 256 meters and cajarana do sertão: 07º03'608''S and 37º16'488''W and altitude of 256 meters. The samples have been collected at two different times, at 7 o'clock and between nine and ten o'clock. The extractions were performed in LPPN - Laboratory for Natural Products Research at Cariri Regional University - URCA - Crato city - CE, in Clevenger apparatus by distilling the samples (1000 g of fresh leaves) for 3 hours an having distilled water as solvent drag. The time of collection has influenced the chemical composition of oil, in which chromatograms have indicated that the major components of the three species studied are long linear hydrocarbon chains (18 to 40 carbons and these components mostly of even-carbon number differ from literature, which quantifies odd hydrocarbons as being a majority in plants. Among the terpenes found in the chromatograms of the species studies, we highlight the ß-caryophyllene (yellow and purple mombin fruit) and a humulene (purplr mombin fruit), which have a significant antimicrobial effect. The species Spondias sp (cajarana do sertão), has presented in its constituition Phytol terpene, which is a component of chlorophyll and seems to improve toughness and balance the flow of natural oil from skin.