Complicações neuropáticas e classificação de risco para pé diabético em uma Unidade de Saúde da Família do município de Cajazeiras - PB.

Abstract

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a group of metabolic diseases resulting from defects in secretion and / or action of the hormone insulin, associated with acute or chronic complications such as neuropathy, responsible for the onset of trauma and foot infections resulting in possible injury and possible amputation if not controlled. It is considered a public health problem, and are among the five diseases responsible for high morbidity and mortality rates. This research aimed to verify neuropathic complications and classification of risk for diabetic foot in a Family Health Unit (FHU) of the municipality of Cajazeiras. It is a descriptive exploratory study participant with a quantitative approach, developed through the application of a questionnaire and clinical examination in the feet, using a guide for evaluation. We evaluated 21 patients with DM enrolled in the USF Effort located in the municipality in question. Data collection was performed in October and November 2011 after approval by the Ethics Committee in Research of the State University of Paraiba, in opinion No. 0469.0.133.000-1 then there was the analysis of data through the program and Microsoft Excel evaluated according to the literature. The data show that most participants were women, aged over 60, married, diagnosed as type 2 diabetes, showed little or no education, and had family income between one and two minimum wages. The risk factors for diabetic complications developed most do not exercise, denied a history of smoking, are suffering from Hypertension, take medication daily and found the disease from one to five years, check your blood sugar rarely or once a week, attending the unit once or twice a month, had hygienic advantage to carry out the cleanliness of the lower limbs as daily care of your feet, never had lesions in the lower limbs or performed the clinical examination of the same, the assessment of some patients feet showed deformity, cleft, amputation, changes in the nail bed, hyperkeratosis, flushing posture, ulcer, pulsation of both feet and with little reduction in only one foot, and they pedal and posterior tibial pulse, less than half showed no sensitivity three or more points, and the risk is rated on a range of zero to four A. We can see the lack of knowledge about the risk of developing ulcers and possible amputation by diabetes, evidenced by the specific day-care deficit reported by most participants. So, it is essential to focus on self-care of feet is a key factor for prevention of diabetic neuropathy and foot, emphasizing the importance of professional supervision, restricted by overhead established the nurse.