ARAÚJO, P. D. S.; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7615762651974509; ARAÚJO, Priscila Dayanne dos Santos.
Résumé:
Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a group of metabolic diseases resulting from defects in secretion
and / or action of the hormone insulin, associated with acute or chronic complications such as
neuropathy, responsible for the onset of trauma and foot infections resulting in possible injury
and possible amputation if not controlled. It is considered a public health problem, and are
among the five diseases responsible for high morbidity and mortality rates. This research
aimed to verify neuropathic complications and classification of risk for diabetic foot in a
Family Health Unit (FHU) of the municipality of Cajazeiras. It is a descriptive exploratory
study participant with a quantitative approach, developed through the application of a
questionnaire and clinical examination in the feet, using a guide for evaluation. We evaluated
21 patients with DM enrolled in the USF Effort located in the municipality in question. Data
collection was performed in October and November 2011 after approval by the Ethics
Committee in Research of the State University of Paraiba, in opinion No. 0469.0.133.000-1
then there was the analysis of data through the program and Microsoft Excel evaluated
according to the literature. The data show that most participants were women, aged over 60,
married, diagnosed as type 2 diabetes, showed little or no education, and had family income
between one and two minimum wages. The risk factors for diabetic complications developed
most do not exercise, denied a history of smoking, are suffering from Hypertension, take
medication daily and found the disease from one to five years, check your blood sugar rarely
or once a week, attending the unit once or twice a month, had hygienic advantage to carry out
the cleanliness of the lower limbs as daily care of your feet, never had lesions in the lower
limbs or performed the clinical examination of the same, the assessment of some patients feet
showed deformity, cleft, amputation, changes in the nail bed, hyperkeratosis, flushing posture,
ulcer, pulsation of both feet and with little reduction in only one foot, and they pedal and
posterior tibial pulse, less than half showed no sensitivity three or more points, and the risk is
rated on a range of zero to four A. We can see the lack of knowledge about the risk of
developing ulcers and possible amputation by diabetes, evidenced by the specific day-care
deficit reported by most participants. So, it is essential to focus on self-care of feet is a key
factor for prevention of diabetic neuropathy and foot, emphasizing the importance of
professional supervision, restricted by overhead established the nurse.