Análise e previsão de curto prazo do vento através de modelagem estatística em áreas de potencial eólico no Nordeste do Brasil.

Abstract

The wind as a source for power generation is analyzed in this work by means of its variability and short-range wind forecasts for the year of 2010, period of moderate El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Time series models proposed by Box-Jenkins and the indicator of forecast accuracy MMREE are used to obtain the best wind speed estimates based on the observed series. Anemometric data of the SONDA Project located on the shore of the São Francisco River in Petrolina-PE, and of two wind power plants located on the coast of the Ceará State, Quixaba (east coast), in the city of Aracati, and Lagoa Seca (west coast), in the city of Acaraú, are used. The daily wind cycle has lower (higher) speeds in late night-early morning (in the morning and end of the night, with exception of the west coast, whose maxima occur in late afternoon). A negative vertical shear in the local wind is observed in distinct periods of the day in the three study areas. In Ceará it occurs in the morning (early afternoon and middle of the night) on the east (west) coast and on Sobradinho Lake at night until early in the morning. It was observed that the winds are stronger on the east coast, probably due to the coast’s concave curvature. The wind speed estimates in a 24-hour horizon by the SARIMA model, with hourly data of the 30 days that precede the forecast day for training (Case 2), showed reduction in the errors and significant improvement in the estimated series in late night-early morning; in Sobradinho Lake these estimates are more accurate, as compared to the estimates based on the entire data series (Case 1). The results indicate that the SARIMA model with horter time series as input may be applied to forecast wind speed in areas of eolic potential, giving support to the system operator in programming the dispatchable distributed generation for the next day.