Densidades populacionais de rúcula consorciadas com rabanete adubadas com biomassa de jitirana e flor-de-seda em duas estações.

Abstract

The intercropping system is an agricultural practice widely used by small rural producers with the objective of maximizing the use of the area and diversifying production, seeking greater family income. Allied to this, the use of green manure has contributed to obtain healthier products adding value to the vegetable market. However, to achieve maximum system productivity, it is necessary to establish an optimal population of plants in the area in order to reduce competition for water, light and nutrients, maximizing the use of these environmental resources. Therefore, the objective of this work was to evaluate the agroeconomic viability of population densities of arugula intercropped with radish under equitable quantities of hairy woodrose and roostertree biomass in two growing seasons. The work was performed at the Rafael Fernandes experimental farm at the Federal Rural University of the Semi-Arid (FRUSA). Two experiments were carried out, the first in the period from October to December 2018, and the second in the period from June to August 2019. The experimental design used was in randomized blocks with the treatments arranged in a 4 x 4 factorial scheme, with four repetitions. The first factor was constituted by the population densities of arugula (40, 60, 80 and 100% of the recommended density in sole crop - RDSC) intercropped with radish, and the second factor was constituted by the equitable quantities of mixtures of hairy woodrose and roostertree biomass incorporated into the soil in the quantities of 20, 35, 50 and 65 t ha-1. The characteristics evaluated in the radish crop were: plant height, number of leaves per plant, fresh and dry mass of shoots, transversal and longitudinal diameter of roots, dry mass of roots and total and commercial productivity of roots. In the arugula crop, the characteristics evaluated were: plant height, number of leaves per plant, dry mass of shoots and green mass yield. The agronomic efficiency indicators evaluated were: land equivalent ratio, intercropping advantage, score of the canonical variable, actual yield loss and index of productive efficiency. The economic efficiency indicators of gross income, net income, rate of return and profit margin were evaluated. The greatest agronomic efficiency of the intercropping was obtained with the yields of 6.87 and 5.73 t ha-1 of radish and arugula, in the mixture quantities of 35 and 65 t ha-1 incorporated to the soil in the densities of 76.2 and 100% of RDSC of the arugula. The greatest economic efficiency of the intercropped system was obtained with a net income of 21,965.03 R$ ha-1 in the amount of the mixture of 52.24 t ha-1 at the density of 100% of the RDSC of the arugula. The use of biomass from mixture of hairy woodrose and roostertree as green manure has agroeconomic viability for the cultivation of radish and arugula in a semiarid environment. Keywords: Crop