Estudo das etapas de produção e comparativo de fornos do setor ceramista do Sertão Paraibano.

Abstract

Man has always used nature to provide you benefits. In this quest, man found in clay, several advantages, among them the production of ceramic tiles. Currently in Brazil, the largest ceramics production is in the South and Southeast. However, other areas have been highlighted in this sector, such as the Northeast, mainly due to the richness of raw materials and sustainable energy sources. However there are several problems such as environmental degradation in Caatinga and lack of technical support, and consequently, the lack of knowledge of the most appropriate types of ovens, generating impact on its production process, primarily the burning of ceramic parts, resulting in low profits the sector. This study aimed to study the stages of production and comparison of types of furnaces of A, B, C and D industry, red ceramic of the sertão of Paraiba. Data were collected with the help of information from entrepreneurs, through a semi-structured questionnaire. Biomass Samples were collected using analysis of the gross calorific value. The data obtained from weekly observations and questionnaires were entered into Microsoft Excel program and interpreted. The calorific value of biomass data were evaluated by the Tukey test at 5% significance. According to the information collected, the highest production was in ceramic B, 2,040,000 thousands of bricks, tiles and slabs, using the, Hofmann, Cedam and House ovens, consuming 600m³ of biomass per month, showing more organization in their step production compared with other industries. Pottery A using the oven chamber, produces 2,450 thousands of bricks, tiles and slabs, spending 780m³ biomass, especially with better quality tiles, 65% grade. The ceramic C used the Hofmann oven, producing 980 thousands of bricks, spending 300m³ biomass. The ceramics D, used the Hofmann and Paulistinha furnaces, producing 500 thousands of bricks, spending 400m³ biomass. Among the industries studied the D showed higher discharges on average 12.5%, with the biggest waste occurred in Pulistinha oven. The biomass used were Poincianella pyramildalis, Mimosa tenuiflora, Croton blanchetianus and Prosopis juliflora, marmeleiro and algaroba stood out with higher gross calorific value.