Modelo de indicadores de sustentabilidade socioeconômico e hidroambiental para o semiárido.

Abstract

In the brazilian semiarid, it is known that the low availability of water interferes with the economic, environmental and social development of the territory. For this reason, some studies have sought to establish the level of hydroenvironmental sustainability of municipalities in the Semiarid, relating the dimensions of sustainable development to the natural resource, water. However, it is clear that the guidelines of the Bellagio STAMP principles, a document that serves to guide the process of measuring progress towards sustainable development, are not being followed. In this way, this research has as main objective to build a model of socioeconomic and hydroenvironmental sustainability indicators for the Semiarid based on the principles of Bellagio STAMP. Therefore, the following specific objectives must be met: to identify the main indicators for the model; establish scientific reference levels for each of the indicators; apply the model in municipalities of the Upper Course of the Capibaribe River - PE; compare the levels of sustainability obtained by the model with scientific reference levels and the traditional model; conduct a trend analysis based on the latest IBGE censuses (2000-2010) for that area. According to the general objective, this research is classified as descriptive and exploratory; as for the procedures: it is bibliographic, documentary and case study; as to the purpose: it is an applied research. The main methodological procedures used were: content analysis, check-list, statistical and descriptive analysis, questionnaire application, Mudge diagram, application of equations and graphical representation. The main results show that, based on the principles of Bellagio STAMP, the main elements that should make up a sustainability assessment model were identified. Based on the check-list and consultation with the municipal managers of six municipalities in Alto Capibaribe - PE, 32 indicators were obtained, distributed among 13 themes and 4 dimensions of sustainable development. In possession of the model, specialists in water resources assessed the degree of importance of each indicator, and from this assessment it was possible to assign weights to the indicators. The main results showed that managers prioritize health, education and sanitation, while experts prioritize indicators related to the quantity and quality of water. The scientific reference levels allowed an individualized analysis, by municipality, something that in the traditional model is only possible by comparison with other municipalities. The indices by indicator allowed to identify those that reached the ideal sustainability, and those that still haven't. When comparing the results of the Socioeconomic and Hydroenvironmental Sustainability Index for the Semiarid Region (ISSHSAB) between the model with scientific reference levels and the traditional one, it was observed that the first presented a better performance of the indicators. Considering all municipalities, the indicators that need more attention are: rate of service of the population with cisterns; availability of water; sewage treatment; selective garbage collection, loss index in water distribution and charging for the use of water resources. In the trend analysis, regarding ISSHSAB, all municipalities showed an evolution in the period. And based on the principles of Bellagio STAMP, the model proposed here obtained 93.7% of compliance with the principles, placing it in the class considered optimal.