Produção de celulases e hemicelulases a partir do sorgo sacarino.

Abstract

Currently, the Agronomic Institute of Pernambuco (IPA) has been developing sorghum saccharine cultivars with high potential for ethanol production, especially in the off season of the sugar cane crop. The cultivar IPA P222, besides presenting potential for the production of ethanol, has a high content of hemicellulose and cellulose, which is a source of great interest for the production of biotechnological derivatives, adding value to the residues of the production process. Aim of the work for the production of cellulolytic and hemicellulolytic enzymes from the semisynthetic fermentation of sorghum sorghum (IPA P222) Tricoderma reesei LCB 48. The fermentation substrates were characterized by the study of the production of cellulase enzymes (CMCase and FPase) and hemicellulases (Endo -β-1,4-xylanase and α-L-arabinofuranosidase) were performed using experimental design 2 2 and 4 central points and kinetic monitoring of production for 240 hours, analyzing an influence of moisture and wheat bran content on the production of enzymes. The characterization of the sorghum bagasse (BSS) showed that it is a substrate with potential to be used in the fermentation for the production of cellulolytic and hemicellulolytic enzymes, because it has satisfactory content of hemicellulose and cellulose content. A characterization of wheat bran (FT) has been shown to be a source of nitrogen important for induction of enzymes. As thermogravimetric analyzes (TG and DTG) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) showed that a obtained hemicellulose has amorphous characteristics and characteristic peaks of hemicellulose according to the literature. As desorption isotherms of the substrates presented correlation and GAB model, they are suitable for the experimental data of the substrates. As variables, initial moisture and wheat bran content influenced an enzyme enzyme of cellulases (CMCase and FPase) and hemicellulases (Endo-β-1,4-xylanase and α-L-arabinofuranosidase). The major activities of FPase, CMCase, xylanase and α-L-arabinofuranosidase were obtained when applied to the higher wheat bran content (50%) to saccharin saccharin IPA P222, however, the process of obtaining the different enzymes. The xylanase presented higher enzymatic activity if compared as others, evidencing that an IPA P222 with high content of hemicellulose is potentially more inductive for this enzyme. The potential of the enzymatic extract obtained during a fermentation was analyzed by means of enzymatic hydrolysis of in saccharine sorghum and the hemicellulose extracted from the BSS, without which the enzymatic extract had the capacity to hydrolyze or sorghum bagasse and a hemicellulose.