Por que matar-se? "Cartas de despedida" de suicidas à luz da Psicanálise.

Abstract

Without the pretension of apprehending individual and logical reasons that rationally explain what causes a subject to "escape" from the social bond that demonizes and even avoids considering the existence of death as a constituent part of life, this work has as its general objective, collect, on the basis of psychoanalytic theory, conscious and unconscious aspects of "speeches" of people who committed suicide in search of understanding of their psyche of the suffering that moves them to closing of only existence form that they actually know. These subjects will be "heard" by the last messages left - in audio, video, letters, tickets and social networking posts - as a testimony of their own lives. As research method Content Analysis was used, of Laurence Bardin's perspective, specifically the techniques of categorization, inference and discussion of the collected material. Parts from "speeches" of subjects were allocated in categories, according to their content, aiming at a more didactic exposition and discussion. Three categories formulated on the basis of the psychoanalytic theories of death drive, narcissism and mourning and melancholy. After the analysis, inference and interpretation of the material, the result of the research was discussed considering its relevance for diagnosis and conduction of clinical treatments, of psychoanalytical reference, of suffering patients with or without apparent suicidal ideation.