Mulheres primíparas e violência obstétrica: uma perspectiva cognitivo comportamental.

Abstract

Childbirth is a remarkable and representative experience in a woman's life, and the expectations for this event start from the discovery of the pregnancy where each one will idealize the way she imagines her child and the best way to make him/her come to the world . However, this experience can be marked by several degrading factors that endanger the health, well-being, morality and especially the will of the woman, leaving marks of strong emotional trauma throughout her life. In this approach, the present study was conducted with the objective of identifying the incidence and possible consequences of obstetric violence in primiparous women, based on the cognitive-behavioral perspective. A descriptive and exploratory qualitative research was carried out, having as sample eight primiparous women between the ages of twenty and forty years, without any delimitation regarding the educational level. The sample was for convenience and all the ethical precepts of research involving humans were honed. A sociodemographic and clinical questionnaire was used as well as a semi-structured interview. The data were analyzed from the Thematic Categorization. The average age of the participants was 24 years old, all of them worked, and had some level of schooling, reflecting that the experience of obstetric violence does not depend on the level of schooling of the parturients. In the analysis of the interviews it was possible to find 2 thematic classes - Obstetric Violence and Health Education, 4 categories - Physical Violence and Psychological Violence; Psychoeducation and Humanization, and 9 subcategories - Episiotomy, Kristeller Maneuver, Examination of Touch, Abandonment, Disrespect, Omission, Aggression, Reception and Training. In their speeches are demonstrated dysfunctional thoughts and beliefs mainly helplessness. The violence presented in their speeches, have evidence of dysfunctional cognitive models, but additionally suffering and frustrating memories of having stolen the right to experience motherhood as they had imagined. Therefore, a treatment plan for this population is proposed, based on speeches and discourses that are repeated and significant.