Scaffolds multifuncionais para regeneração óssea.

Abstract

Although the bone tissue has the ability to be repaired by itself against some kind of defect, this capacity may present limitations and occur in a prolonged time. In view of this, the Biomaterials Engineering seeks alternatives to accelerate this process through the use of scaffolds, which provide an adequate environment for cell proliferation, fixation and differentiation, and can be used as device for drug distribution. Taking account of this fact, this thesis developed porous scaffolds with ceramic-vitroceramic composition at various concentrations, and substances containing active principles to act in the process of osteoinduction and osteomyelitis were partially added to these scaffolds. The raw material used was β-Tricalcium Phosphate and Wollastonite in three concentrations: 20% Wollastonite with 80% β- Tricalcium Phosphate, 60% Wollastonite with 40% β -Triccalcium Phosphate and 80% Wollastonite with 20% β -Triccalcium phosphate. The scaffolds were processed by the method of replica of the polymeric sponge and sintered. After sintering, part of these scaffolds were coated with a Vancomycin-containing caprolactone polymer solution and subsequently with a second Pluronic polymer solution containing Dexamethasone. The main raw materials and scaffolds with and without addition of the active principles were then characterized. The main results show that the phenomenon of Biodegradation occurred more quickly for the sample containing 80% Wollastonite with 20% of β-Triccalcium Phosphate. The Bioactivity essay proved to be effective in the formation of the apatite layer for the three concentrations, differing only in the time for making-up. The scaffold model as proposed proved to be effective in carrying and releasing the active principles, and the cell deposition test proved the osteoconductive characteristic of Wollastonite.