Análise dos indicadores de água e esgoto: um estudo de caso na sub-bacia do rio alto piranhas no Sertão Paraibano.

Abstract

The appellant degradation of the environment and the occupation of the urban áreas, a lot of times in a disordered way, creates a reality with precarious conditions of water supply and sanitary sewage. One of the great challenges of the present time is related to the planning of the cities starting from which one longs for to reach the maintainable development of the same ones, while considering the management of water resources within the watershed. The use of environmental sanitation indicators as a diagnostic tool and monitoring can be considered an effective way to promote public policies in the areas of sanitation and environmental protection. The presente research was carried out in the sub-basin of Alto Piranhas river in Paraiba backlands. Data from indicators of drinking water and sewage used were collected by the Internet, through the historical series in the site of the National Sanitation Information System (NSIS). Aiming to promote a diagnosis of sub-basin of the Alto Piranhas-PB using indicators that will assist in planning and obtaining necessary information to guide public officials to make decisions to improve sanitation sector. For this, was used the vertical and horizontal analysis technique to evidence the situation of the studied sub-basin in the period from 2010-2014. It is concluded that the number of inhabitants of the studied cities grew on average between 2% and 4% per year in the period from 2010 to 2014, but the improvements in water supply conditions did not follow that same proportion. Water indicators showed that São José de Piranhas was the city that had the largest proportional growth, while Sousa city obtained decrease in most water indicators. In relation to the sewage indicators it was not possible analyze them, because it was realized that the municipalities of Cajazeiras and Sousa are not part of that basin, since the generation of effluents of those cities are discharged into the basin of the Fish River. In this way, the use of indicators adequately showed to be effective and efficient, and directly influence in the life quality and the sanitary conditions of a municipality.