Elaboração de embutido “tipo mortadela” de CMS de tilápia adicionado de extrato de resíduos de camarão.

Abstract

Sin beneficiation industries generate large amounts of waste that are true sources of environmental contamination when disposed of inappropriately. The use of these residues in the preparation of food for humans can be an alternative in obtaining a nutritional and more accessible product, besides adding value to the waste and increasing the profit margin of the industries. The objective of this research was to elaborate an aromatic extract from industrial residues of white shrimp (L. vannamei) and apply it to a Northeastern tilapia (O. niloticus) type "mortadella" emulsion. The aromatic extracts were obtained through a process of lyophilization of the liquid extracts from the baking of the residues. Three types of aromatic extracts were prepared with different raw materials: Ecasca (shells), Ecefa (cephalothorax) and Emix (50% shells and 50% cephalothorax). Microbiological, physical-chemical analyzes were carried out and the best extract was chosen by means of the acceptance index test and the extraction yield. The Ecefa treatment had the highest rate of acceptability (89,88%) and higher yield (8,54%), being chosen as the most feasible. Three emulsion formulations were developed 'mortadella type' with varying concentrations of extract. In the formulation M0,5 added 0,5%, in the formulation M0,75 0,75% and in the formulation M1 1% of extract. Microbiological analyzes (Staphylococcus coagulase positive, Salmonella sp. And Coliformes at 45°C), centesimal composition (moisture, ashes, lipids, proteins and carbohydrates), energy value, starch and calcium quantification, instrumental color and shear force) and acceptance and purchase intention tests, which were performed with 100 untrained judges. All formulations of the emulsions presented microbiological and physicochemical characteristics within the standards established by the Brazilian legislation, except for only the moisture content that was higher. As expected, due to the variation in the extract concentrations, there were significant differences for the parameters luminosity (L*), red color (a*) and yellow color (b*) among all the formulations, already in relation to the shear force there was no significant difference between the formulations, indicating that the addition of the extract at different concentrations did not alter the texture of the product. Sensory tests indicated good acceptance of all shrimp flavor emulsion formulations, achieving an acceptability index of 85.97% for formulation M1 and 84,42% and 80,25%, respectively for formulations M0,75 and M0,5. The addition of higher concentrations of the extract influenced positively the acceptance of the products. For the intention to buy test, the M0,75 and M1 formulations were statistically the same and had a better evaluation with averages of 4,32 and 4,38 respectively, corresponding to the term "possibly buy." In this way, it can be said that the formulations developed are an alternative to add value to the shrimp processing and fillet tilapia residues, which can be used in the elaboration of mortadella, with healthier and more nutritious characteristics.