Os gêneros textuais como motivadores argumentativos para as práticas de oralidade no ensino fundamental II.

Abstract

The human beings have a innate capacity of communicate themselves and organize their communicative actions among their pairs, which allow us to say that the practices of orality are frequently used in classroom and they are always based on textual genres. In this work, we developed theorical studies about the use of textual geners as argumentative motivators for oral practices on elementary school. The main objective of this work is develop a pedagogical proposal that contemplates the work with the oral argumentation in the final series of elementary school from the comprehension of the oral text genres, specially, the seminar and the policy debates. Specifically, we want to comprehend some points related to oral argumentation in the context of the classroom. In addition, this work aims to discuss about the relation between orality and written, to present concepts of textual genres, relating to the context from the classroom and point the main traces of the textual genres seminar and debate and this work aims at structuring a pedagogical proposal that contemplates the development of the oral argumentation based on the textual genres seminar and debate. To pursue these goals, we seek to understand argumentation and orality, based on the theories from Bakhtin( 2003), Alves Filho (2011), Marchuschi (2002) and Wachowicz (2002) that talk about theories from the perspective of orality and writing. Aristotle (2005), Perelman (1958) Ribeiro (2009( that talk about questions from the argumentative rhetorical, oral argumentation and principals of the work in classroom. Finally, Schneuwly and Dolz (2004), Marcuschi (2010) and Marques (2010), that give explanation about oral generes, differentiation from the speak to the writing and of the work with formal argumentation in the context of the classroom. So, we do a revision of the PCN, observing the guidelines in taward to the work with the textual genre in the oral mode. We structure basic concepts of the orality and writing, showing that these two modalities of language take part of a continuum that complement each other and effective each other in communicative practices that are essential to the human life. First we define basic concepts of orality and written, showing that these two modalities of language are part of a continuum that complete itself and efective itself in communication practices. We define the arguments as linguistic practice based on a controversy that always involves a speaker and a listener on a dialogic way.; the textual geners as essential for the communication. They are dynamic and variable. Our focus in this work was presentate proposals of pedagogical intervention based on two textual oral genres which are seminar and policy debate. we characterize the seminar as a multimodal, hybrid and conversational gener, while the debate we characterize as a dialogic, argumentative and able to generate significative learning in respect to development of the oral argumentation. The methological procedures that we used was essentially bibliographic. We developed two proposal of pedagogical intervention: The first one was based on seminar and the second one based on policy debate. We structured these proposals considering the following steps in respect to each genre: knowing, developing and reflecting. Knowing is relationed to presentation, characterization and studied of the genere, developing is relationed to how to structure the proposal and the confection of the learning modules. Reflecting is a moment reserved to evaluation of the the whole process embedded in the communication Project. We concluded this work summarizing the main concepts of argumentation, orality and textual genre, debate and seminar and we talked about important role that the teacher assumes to promote significative learning. The teaches was presented not as a knowledge transmitter, but he was presented as a coaching that motivates the student to want to knowing, whose skill is to suggest and promoting the linking between knowledge and the concrete situations of the real life of the students.