Avaliação do modelo de cisterna adotado pelo programa um milhão cisternas no Município de Sousa-PB.

Abstract

Rural populations in the Brazilian semiarid suffers consequences by not have access to good quality water. In this context, cistern emerges as a viable technology to promote the availability of drinking water to these populations. For this created, the program “Um milhão de cisternas” designed by “Articulação do Semi Árido Brasieiro (ASA) was created with the objective of providing drinking water to the one million families in the Brazilian Semiarid by the collection of rain water in cisterns. The cistern model constructed was of precast plaque with 16 m³ water storage capacity, which according to the ASA, is sufficient to meet the basic needs of a family with five people for a period of eight months without rain. However, some problems in SousaPB regarding the effectiveness of water supply families through this cistern were reported. So this study aimed to analyze the efficiency and performance of P1MC's cistern in meeting the water needs of beneficiary families in Sousa-PB. Thus, it was initially performed a characterization of the 260 families contemplated with the construction of the cistern and a study of the rainfall of Sousa municipality. Later it was developed a simulation model to verify the volume of water from the cistern considering an extreme weather event (dry) for different types of roof area and residents in the house, considering a water per capita consumption of 16 L / day, enough, according to the MDS (2011), for drinking, cooking, washing hands and cooking utensils. The results showed that residence with 5 people will supply their water needs if the roof area was greater than or equal to 90 m². The supply of other residences with different roofs area will depend on the number of members in the house. Overall, about 77% of the residence with cistern will supply their water needs, which shows the efficiency of P1MC's cistern in ensure good quality water for the rural population of Sousa municipality.