Quando a educação é tomada como “ato subversivo”: a campanha de educação popular-CEPLAR e as ligas camponesas na Paraíba.

Abstract

The objective of this dissertation was to understand how the Popular Education Campaign (Ceplar) was constituted and developed its political-educational practice in Paraíba, from 1961 to 1964, and in this work, which dialogues established with the Peasant League of Paraíba. In order to meet this larger objective, we defined the following specific objectives: 1 - To contextualize Popular Education in Brazil, in the politico-social and educational scenario in the 1960s, and the influence of Freirean thought in the popular educational movements of the period, among these to Ceplar; 2- Situate and analyze the emergence of peasant movements and popular educational movements in the 1960s, and what articulations and political-pedagogical foundations that influenced them; 3- Analyze the established link between Ceplar and the Peasant League of Paraíba, and reflect on why Ceplar's educational practice has been considered as an activity of subversive character. From the theoretical point of view, we refer in the dialectical approach, in a perspective of historical materialism to weave our analyzes and reflections. The analytical categories Extended State, Intellectual Organic of Antônio Gramsci and Awareness of Paulo Freire, guided the effort of appropriation and understanding of the object of study. From the methodological point of view, the investigative process that resulted in this dissertation was anchored in a tripod formed by three great research procedures: the exploratory study, the documentary analysis and the oral reports of memory. Throughout the work it was possible to understand the historical and theoretical moment that provoked and guided the formulations of Ceplar, which were: the reorientation of capitalism in the development perspective, the political and social effervescence of the 1960s in Paraíba, and throughout Brazil, the emergence of peasant social organizations, and of a new conception of Popular Education, mainly from the thought of Paulo Freire. The educational-cultural practice of Ceplar, though short and aborted by the military coup, was a very rich experience in waving to the horizon of possibility. His contribution to the peasant organization in Paraíba pointed to the possibility that peasant subjects, considered invisible, would assume a social role. The existence of thoughts and practices that contributed to this emancipatory idea frightened the latifundio and conservative proposals, making its educational practice considered "subversive".