Perda da sensibilidade protetora plantar em pacientes com diabetes Mellitus tipo 2.

Abstract

DM is a group of metabolic disorders, which is related to high glycemic levels in the blood plasm a. The constant increase in glycemic levels will imply microvascular and macrovascular complications. Diabetic neuropathy is a late complication that causes loss of sensitivity and anatomical changes in the feet, leading to the appearance of lesions that i f not properly treated, will progress to amputation. Objectives: To analyze the prevalence of loss of plantar protective sensitivity (PSPP) and associated factors in patients with T2DM. Methodology: This is a cross sectional, exploratory and descriptive st udy with a quantitative approach, carried out in April 2017. Data were typed, executed and processed in the SPSS, using the Pearson's coefficient and Chi square test for Correlating variables, values of p <0.05 were significant. A questionnaire, chart an alysis, physical examination and non invasive tests of foot sensitivity evaluation were applied. Results: PSPP was diagnosed in 53.3% of the study population. The most prevalent clinical findings were fatigue 76.7%, followed by pain, tingling and cramp wit h 56.7%. The signs of cracks and fissures (p = 0.033) and nail mycosis presented significant association with PSPP (p = 0.014). The left tibial pulse had a higher frequency in the diminished part, representing 40% of the sample, presented association with the PSPP (p = 0.027). The tests of the Achilles tendon reflex (p = 0.000), vibration sensitivity (p = 0.000) and protective sensitivity (p = 0.006) were significant with PSPP . It was identified a high prevalence of PSPP and it was realized tha t a thorough assessment of the feet in people with T2DM is an indispensable tool for the prevention and / or minimization of diabetic foot complications. It is hoped that the results of this research can be used in the development of new studies and as a c ontribution to the study of PSPP.