A atuação da enfermeira obstétrica no processo de revalorização do parto normal.

Abstract

Childbirth is a moment seen as a watershed in a woman's life, which brings with it constructed and reconstructed meanings, based on the singularity and culture of the parturient that transforms the daily life of the woman. Currently in Brazil, 84% of births occurring in the private health network are cesarean sections. In the Unified Health System this number decreases to 40%, but the World Health Organization recommendation is only 15% in both the private and public network. As a way to encourage normal delivery, it is recommended to perform normal delivery by obstetric nurse. The objective of the study was to analyze the importance of the obstetric nurse in the process of revaluation of normal birth, which had as a guiding question: How are nurses acting in the scenario of revalorization of normal delivery? This is an Integrative Review of Literature (RIL) study. The descriptors that were used are "Women's Health" and "Obstetrical Nurses" and "Obstetrical Parturition" and their respective descriptors in Portuguese ("Saúde da Mulher" and "Enfermeiro Obstetra" and "Parto Obstétrico") and Spanish ("Salud de la Mujer" and "Enfermero Obstétrico" and “Parto Obstétrico”). After a complete analysis of the selected papers, 3 categories were identified: I- Obstetric Nurse's assistance to normal delivery. II - The Obstetric Nurse and her role during childbirth from the point of view of the woman. III- House of delivery, Maternity and home delivery and the insertion of the Obstetrician in these environments. It was verified that the nurses involved in the process of revaluation of normal birth go through several phases, from health education to women, the struggle for their space in this environment, human assistance and respect for the dignity of the child. Woman, the physiological process of childbirth, the non-use of unnecessary interventions. Thus, it is still necessary to carry out more studies like this to promote and strengthen the movement and, more and more, to make the obstetrician nurse active and being one of the main agents in this process.