Sobrecarga objetiva e subjetiva do cuidador da pessoa com transtorno mental acompanhado pelo CAPS III.

Abstract

Influenced by the Italian model, the Brazilian psychiatric reform initiated the process of transformation of assistance to the carriers of psychic suffering, based on the deinstitutionalization and reorganization of the services. In this context, substitutive services arose in front of the mental asylum model, among them the Psychosocial Care Centers, which were officially created by the Ministerial Ordinance no. 224/1992 and regulated by the Ministerial Ordinance no. 336/2002, with the mission to provide services in daily attention, promoting the social and family insertion of users through intersectoral actions. In addition, the family of the person with mental disorder, who for a long time was excluded from the assistance provided, is then configured as the main caregiver of the individual, acting primarily in the planning of the care actions. It is a study as the objective of analyze the objective and subjective overload, experienced by the family caregiver of the person with mental disorder, accompanied by the CAPS III. Descriptive study of qualitative character, developed in the month of September 2017, at the Psychosocial Care Center III, in the city of Campina Grande, Paraíba. The study universe was constituted by the family members of the users registered and attended by CAPS III, aged 18 years or more, corresponding to a total of 42 family members. For this, a validated questionnaire was used for collecting the data, elaborated for the study CAPSUL (Evaluation of the CAPS of the Southern Region of Brazil), involving questions related to the sociodemographic characterization of the study participants, and two open questions related to the overload and aspects of improving of the substitutive service in mental health. The instruments were applied in accordance with the availability and interest of each study participant, privately, in the dependencies of the service through the signing of the Free and Clarified Consent Term. As for the data relating to the characterization of subjects, they were analyzed in the perspective of descriptive statistics (percentage) and presented in table, graphs, among others. As regards qualitative data, they were submitted to the content analysis proposed by Bardin, culminating in the elaboration of two categories: the first category called "Objective overload: needs and desires in the background", in which three subcategories emerged "Family: interruptions in social, professional life and financial losses", and the subcategory "The responsibility of uninterrupted care". The second category "Subjective overload: emotional reaction of the family member relative to the role of caregiver" comprised the subcategories "The dealing with the patient's symptoms and limitations" and "Family overload: emotional and economic stress, arising from the low family income". The third category was called "Challenges for the support and reception of the patient and your family in the service". It is concluded that the presence of the overload both objective and subjective comes from several factors ranging from the problems related to the family environment, whether by financial, social or cultural issues; even indications of the fragility of CAPS III as regards the care provided by healthcare professionals, deficient physical structure and lack of material. The research was submitted to the Research Ethics Committee of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, receiving a favorable ordenance to its implementation with protocol no. 719,435.