Fatores de risco associados a perda da sensibilidade protetora plantar em pacientes com diabetes mellitus tipo 2.

Abstract

The chronicity of diabetes mellitus is associated with the appearance of macro and microvascular complications, including peripheral neuropathy, which is one of the most frequent complications of the disease, causing alteration in foot sensitivity and facilitating the involvement of ulcers and amputation due to decreased sensitivity or absent. The present study aims to identify the risk factors associated with loss of plantar protective sensitivity in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. This is a cross-sectional, exploratory and descriptive study with a quantitative approach, carried out in the endocrinology outpatient clinic of a Hospital in Campina Grande, in April 2017, with a sample of 30 patients. The data were entered in the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences and conducted the descriptive analysis of frequencies and chi-square test. The results of the research showed a greater female audience (76.7%), a self-declared brown race (53.3%) and schooling until the fundamental incompleteness (66.7%), with alterations in the body mass index (73.3%), And abdominal circumference (93.3%). From the chi-square test of loss of plantar sensitivity, we observed that smoking (p = 0.037) and systolic blood pressure (p = 0.027) presented a significant association value. Considering the damages that the loss of plantar protective sensibility can cause to the patient, the health professional should promote a routine of foot exams during the consultation to recognize at an early stage the areas subject to alterations in the sensibility, as well as to carry out a health education the population with diabetes.