Da invisibilidade ao protagonismo da agricultura familiar: uma análise a partir do semiárido nordestino.

Abstract

Historically, In Brazil, the organization of agricultural production has had contradictory political, economic and social perspectives, with established patterns in political and academic spaces that have an opposition between two technological models: employer agriculture and family agriculture, using family labor, in small areas of land, diversified crops and sometimes sufficient for subsistence, obtaining some surplus destined to the internal market. However, in the Brazilian Semiarid region, south of Ceará, in the municipality of Mauriti, an example of family farming was found as a valuable and positive experience. The objective of the thesis was to discover and understand the conditions of constitution of this familiar agriculture. Through the in-depth study of a case, recognize the specificities of this phenomenon, where family farming is diverse and productive, ascertaining the relations between the change in land structure, from the agricultural census of 1940, access to public policies for the development of agriculture family, actors and their political, economic and social interventions that constituted a set of factors and produced a diversity, a mosaic of family farms, supported by the synergistic equation: land ownership, capital, labour = production + empowerment. The methodology used to meet the objectives was quanti-qualitative, documentary surveys, analysis and re-creation of secondary data of the main public policies for family agriculture, social indicators and secondary data (Census, PRONAF, PAA, PNAE, Garantia SAFRA), through narratives of representatives of the various types of family agriculture organization of the municipality. The results point to the fragmentation of large property since 1940 and a trend towards minifundization. The participation of the Partido dos Trabalhadores in municipal management brought family farmers closer to the public policies, resulting in the productive differentiation of the municipality in relation to the other municipalities of the micro-region. Consequently, the articulated set of certain actions contributed to the protagonism of family agriculture. It was concluded that the deconcentration of the land structure, institutional recognition, access to credit through public policies and strategic options for the management of productive systems and trade in production, aligned with municipal public management, form a field of possibilities favorable to empowerment and protagonism of family agriculture, even in the Northeastern Semiarid region.