Modelo de mapeamento da deterioração do Bioma Caatinga da Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio Taperoá, PB.

Abstract

Improper use of natural resources contributes to the degradation of the caatinga biome, and the frequent appearance of desertified areas. Erosion is a process that occurs in all surface, however, with the increase of human action on the environment, through the removal of vegetation the erosive processes intensify and begin to compromise the main natural resources of the planet. The evaluate the degree of propensity environmental degradation becomes necessary to identify the magnitude and extent of the problem and define an appropriate response to mitigate / suppress the causes of the degradation process. Therefore, this study aimed to propose a model to estimate the degree of land degradation based on the evaluation of the effects of soil erodibility, slope of terrain and degree of vegetation, and thus mapping of land degradation river basin Taperoá. The methodology proposed by Chaves et al. (2008) to generate the indicator of soil cover, for the soil erodibility index methodology proposed by Chaves et al. (2004) and slope index proposed by Francisco (2010) for the capacity limits of classes of land use. The estimate of land degradation was obtained by the product of the indices of the model, through the intersection at LEGAL/SPRING. The NDVI showed the best correlation with IBVL, with R2 = 0.5937. The soils had high erodibility (0.03 to 0.04 Mg h MJ-1 mm-1) in 53.8% of the basin, very high (> 0.04 Mg h MJ-1 mm-1) occurred at 326.4 km2 (5.7%) associated with Entisol and Chromic Luvisol. The results showed that the proposed model 26.9% of land in the basin have very high and high levels of degradation, 46.4% with high levels and only 22.5% low and very low levels.